Knowledge Centre

7 articles

• Fundamentals

  Back Pain and Disc Problems: What Does an MRI Actually Tell You?

  An MRI shows anatomy, not pain. How to read disc degeneration, dehydration, bulges, protrusions, herniation and nerve compression in a lumbar MRI report.

  17 min read
• Fundamentals

  Chronic Inflammation: What Causes It and How Can You Reduce It?

  Chronic inflammation is persistent inflammatory activity that continues beyond the body's normal short-term response. It rarely has one universal cause, and an inflammatory marker is a clue rather than a diagnosis. Here is what drives low-grade inflammation, what blood tests can and cannot show, and how we investigate persistent inflammatory activity.

  19 min read
• Fundamentals

  Percutaneous Hydrotomy for Knee Osteoarthritis: Treatment, Results and Evidence

  How is percutaneous hydrotomy used for knee osteoarthritis? Explore decades of clinical experience, reported results in pain and function, cartilage and structural observations, and the current scientific evidence.

  12 min read
• Fundamentals

  Neuropathic Pain: How Can You Recognise Nerve Pain?

  Burning, electric shocks, tingling and numbness: what these sensations can mean, how they differ from typical muscle or joint pain, and why an examination is still necessary to identify the cause.

  6 min read
• Fundamentals

  Tendinopathy: Why Does Tendon Pain Persist?

  Tendon pain that persists despite rest is usually more complex than simple inflammation. Learn what we know about chronic tendinopathy and why understanding the underlying mechanisms changes how it is approached.

  6 min read
• Fundamentals

  Knee Osteoarthritis: Understanding the Pain

  Knee osteoarthritis affects many people as they get older. What we know about the mechanisms behind knee pain, why imaging does not tell the whole story, and the factors that can make it worse.

  6 min read
• Fundamentals

  Why Does Pain Become Chronic?

  Around 1.5 million people in Switzerland live with chronic pain. What we know today about the role of the nervous system and the factors that can cause pain to persist beyond tissue healing.

  5 min read